If an island is added in the middle of the river, then any number of couples can cross using a two-person boat. Write a c++ program that solves the Missionaries and Cannibals problem. There is one canoe which can hold one or two people. The number of valid crossing actions depends on the capacity of the boat and the state of the departure ferry. lmtv 6x6 for sale. Legal(3, X). missionaries, the outnumbered missionaries will be consumed - eaten! Each solution needs 11 trips. E.g., here is a list of all solutions for MCP(M=5, C=5, B=4) and the step description of a solution below: Furthermore, the following table lists the statistics of all possible MCP solutions when M<=16, C=M, B=1 to 6. When M = 3, there are 4 different solutions, that is, N(M=3, C=3, B=2) =4. Through this method, we can solve the problem with the help of computer graph theory knowledge to find a connected one-way graph path. In fact, this is the only case meet the. Save the missionaries so that they can return home! Actions are represented using vector subtraction/addition to manipulate the state vector. The Missionaries and Cannibals Problem is usually defined as follows: On one bank of a river are 3 missionaries and 3 cannibals. We start off with the traditional setup of three missionaries and three cannibals, tasked with crossing a river using a boat. Each solution needs 11 tips. To fully solve the problem, a simple tree is formed with the initial state as the root. As crown jewels of SAS analytics products, SAS/OR and its SAS Viya counterpart SAS Optimization provide powerful tools like PROC OPTMODEL, which includes an expressive modeling language and state-of-the-art solvers for many kinds of mathematical optimization problems. It has 8 star (s) with 6 fork (s). [1],p.79. The missionaries and cannibals problem, and the closely related jealous husbands problem, are classic river-crossing problems. The married couples are represented as (male) and a (female), and b, and and c.[4],p.291. It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community. Skills: Algorithm, C Programming, C# Programming, C++ Programming, Software Architecture Cannibals and Missionaries - Back to the River Crossing Puzzles. The Missionaries and Cannibals Problem (MCP) is a classic river-crossing logic puzzle that derives from the famous Jealous Husbands problem. Riddle: There are 3 missionaries and 3 cannibals that need to cross a river. [1] The missionaries and cannibals problem is a well-known toy problem in artificial intelligence , where it was used by. The chieftain of the tribe requires the missionaries to solve an ancient riddle or they will be cooked. Formulate the "Missionaries and Cannibals" problem. [1],p.74. Publication date 2001 Topics Flash, Flash Games Language English. Missionaries and Cannibals A Java solution to the Missionaries and Cannibals problem developed as a university assignment for the subject of Artificial Intelligence and Experienced Systems. The boat cannot move by itself, and it cannot hold more than 2 passengers. [2] [3] Contents 1 The problem 2 Solving no missionaries must be eaten. The goal of this problem is to get all six individuals safely across the river from the left bank to the right bank. There was no way to cross the river without a boat. Use Creately's easy online diagram editor to edit this diagram, collaborate with others and export results to multiple image formats. missionaries and cannibals there are three missionaries and three cannibals on the left bank of a river. And when other conditions are the same, B=4 requires the greatest number of trips if M>=6. Three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river using a boat which . They were on their way to the nearest mission station. From the developer: In this game you need to move the missionaries and the cannibals to the opposite shore by using a boat. The problem can be stated as follow. The output of #4 is the path segment for a final solution. Under this constraint, there cannot be both women and men present on a bank with women outnumbering men, since if there were, these women would be without their husbands. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to Word, PPT . For the Missionaries and Cannibals problem, this is simply having all three missionaries and all three cannibals on the opposite side of the river. You will be given a raft floating on the river, while 3 clergymen and 3 cannibals are on a shore. Find a way to get everyone to the other side, without ever leaving a group of mis- ionaries in one place outnumbered by the cannibals in that place. For instance, if a lone cannibal crossed the river, the vector 0,1,1 would be subtracted from the state to yield 3,2,0. States are snapshots of the world and operators are those which transform one state into another state. He received his Master of Science degree from Peking University. Find a way to transport everyone to the other side of the river, without ever leaving a group of Missionaries in one place outnumbered by the Cannibals in that place Chosen Solution Generate State Diagram to find path to solution [1] The missionaries and cannibals problem is a well-known toy problem in artificial intelligence, where it was used by Saul Amarel as an example of problem representation. Click to transfer 1 to 2 persons on board as the raft cannot move without passengers. The five possible actions (1,0,1, 2,0,1, 0,1,1, 0,2,1, and 1,1,1) are then subtracted from the initial state, with the result forming children nodes of the root. A rowboat that seats two is available. (click here to download the precompiled code). Missionaries and Cannibals Tree missionaires and 3 cannibales in right side of the river Only one boat with capacity for two people At any side of river, the number of cannibals can not be higher than the number of missionaires Cannibals =< Missionaries Otherwise cannibals can eat the missionaries. In other words, [m=3, c=3, b=1] indicates there are 3 missionaries, 3 cannibals and a one-person boat on the left bank. Now I have incorporated all the points suggested by mdfst13, and have the following: StateNode.java: package net.coderodde.fun.cannibals; import java.util. The first known appearance of the jealous husbands problem is in the medieval text Propositiones ad Acuendos Juvenes, usually attributed to Alcuin (died 804). Uninformed search Chapter 3, AIMA (freely available in the internet with the name AMIA_Ch3_L2.ppt, Sweden) Complement to the 8-puzzle and missionaries and cannibals problems. A move is characterized by the number of missionaries and the number of cannibals taken in the boat at one time. He focuses on data science, parallel computing and visualization such as AI, BI, big data, data visualization, quantitative trading, web crawler etc. When M = 4, there are 25 different solutions, that is, N(M=4, C=3, B=2)=25. Objects of the State Worl d: M M M C C C B 3 missionaries, 3 cannibals, 1 boat, a left river bank, and a right river bank. There is 1 boat available that can carry at most 2 people and that they would like to use to cross the river. Legal(X, X). The boat can carry up to two people at one time, but doesn't row itself -- at least one person must be in the boat for the boat to move. The SolutionsNum column indicates the number of solutions while MinTrips and MaxTrips indicate the minimum and maximum trips needed, respectively. Previous post Next post Missionaries and cannibals Three missionaries and three cannibals are on the left bank of a river. He is author of the book SAS [2][3], In the missionaries and cannibals problem, three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river using a boat which can carry at most two people, under the constraint that, for both banks, if there are missionaries present on the bank, they cannot be outnumbered by cannibals (if they were, the cannibals would eat the missionaries). Starting from the initial system state, we can use Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm to drive state space transition. Cannibals and Missionaries is a 1979 thriller novel by Mary McCarthy which examines the "psychology of terrorism." [1] [2] The novel focuses on the action created when a Dutch/Arab terrorists hijack an Air France plane full of Americans on a flight towards Iran. Each solution needs 5 trips. Your goal in this game is to find out the answer of the riddle by transferring the clergymen and the cannibals to the opposite bank of the river. The missionaries have been caught by a man-eating tribe when they are preaching in the distant lands. When the capacity of boat B is greater than or equal to 4, there are solutions for all values of M if the number of missionaries and cannibals are equal (C=M). For our case. State First approach state (ML, CL, MR, CR, Boat). If the number of missionaries and cannibals is equal (C=M) when the boat's capacity is 3 (B=3), then: For solving an upper missionaries and cannibals Problem (M=5, C=5, B=3), the step description of a solution also can be generated by SAS as below: In the same way, when the number of cannibals is less than that of the missionaries, such as 1 less (C=M-1), then all values of M can be solved because fewer cannibals weaken the restriction conditions. When M = 1, there is one and only one solution, that is, N(M=1, C=1, B=3) = 1. Artificial Intelligence . The time you have spent is recorded at the top left corner. The boat cannot cross the river by itself with no people on board and there is no island in the middle of the river. This Library - Support Best in #Artificial Intelligence Average in #Artificial Intelligence Quality missionaries-and-cannibals has no issues reported. See guidelines for writing about novels. How can the boat be used to carry all the missionaries and cannibals across the river safely? If the boat holds 2 people, then 2 couples require 5 trips; with 4 or more couples, the problem has no solution. (2018) [Insider of SAS Technology: From Programmer to Data Scientist] and co-author of the book " (2021) [Data Analysis Practical Tutorial] ". Click here to download the SAS code, which uses PROC OPTMODEL to solve this MCP problem; the code is credited to Rob Pratt from SAS. Three missionaries and three cannibals wish to cross a river in the Amazon. [6] If the boat can hold 3 people, then up to 5 couples can cross; if the boat can hold 4 people, any number of couples can cross. You will be given a raft floating on the river, while 3 clergymen and 3 cannibals are on a shore. If however, only one man can get out of the boat at a time and husbands must be on the shore to count as with his wife as opposed to just being in the boat at the shore: move 5 to 6 is impossible, for as soon as has stepped out b on the shore won't be with her husband, despite him being just in the boat. Currently he is working on SAS Visual Analytics product family research and development. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. For the toy problem in artificial intelligence, see, "Cannibals and Missionaries | novel by McCarthy", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannibals_and_Missionaries&oldid=1012697841, This page was last edited on 17 March 2021, at 20:24. Each solution needs 5 trips. If this is ever the case, then the cannibals will eat the missionaries. On each bank, the number of missionaries cannot be less than the number of cannibals. Runs the main function The Missionaries and Cannibals Problem (MCP) is a classic river-crossing logic puzzle that derives from the famous Jealous Husbands problem. The vector's elements represent the number of missionaries, cannibals, and whether the boat is on the wrong side, respectively. The boat cannot cross; Question: Problem Formulation 1. Three missionaries and three cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold one or two people. It is not a, State(no_of_missionaries, no_of_cannibals, side_of_the_boat). 5. The maximum number of trips across the river is not monotonically increasing, they show the following correlation. missionaries-and-cannibals has a low active ecosystem. Unit - 1 - Problem Solving Problem Formulation -Missionaries and Cannibals Problem Three missionaries and three cannibals wish to cross the river. The solution just given is still shortest, and is one of four shortest solutions.[5]. See the previous and initial iteration. Here is a old puzzle from the 1800s: "Once upon a time, three cannibals were guiding three missionaries through a jungle. Boats can ride up to three people. 291293. Three mission- ries and three cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold one or two eople. So, we can apply the actions defined in #3 until the state space is traversed. Learn how your comment data is processed. If the cannibals ever outnumber the missionaries on either of the rivers banks or on the boat, the missionaries will get eaten. the number of cannibals on either bank must never exceed the number of missionaries on the same bank, otherwise the missionaries will become If a woman in the boat at the shore (but not on the shore) counts as being by herself (i.e. In the article The jealous husbands and the missionaries and cannibals issued by Ian Pressman and David Singmaster on The Mathematical Gazette. Missionaries and Cannibals solution: (cannibalLeft,missionaryLeft,boat,cannibalRight,missionaryRight) About Vaishnavi Shetty Soratemplates is a blogger resources site is a provider of high quality blogger template with premium looking layout and robust design. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Your goal in this game is to find out the answer of the riddle by transferring the clergymen and the cannibals to the opposite bank of the river. Question: In the missionaries and cannibals problem, three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river using a boat which can carry at most two people, under the constraint that, for both banks, if there are missionaries present on the bank, they cannot be outnumbered by cannibals (if they were, the cannibals would eat the missionaries). This is intended to give you an instant insight into missionaries-and-cannibals implemented functionality, and help decide if they suit your requirements. The problem can be stated as follow.Three missionaries and three cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold one or two people. The problem can be stated as follow. [4],p.296. Legal(0, X). Each solution needs 3 trips. Three missionaries and three cannibals want to get to the other side of a river. The NETDRAW procedure in SAS was designed to draw a network diagram of the activities in a project, but we use it to visualize nodes and relationships for a directed acyclic graph (DAG) here (click here to download the precompiled code).We also can generate the step description for a solution (top-most path) in that directed acyclic graph. There are three other variants for (M=3, C=3 and B=2) besides the following solution. The above problem can be solved by a graph search method. If the number of cannibals is more than the number of missionaries anywhere, missionaries will be eaten. You will be given a raft floating on the river, while 3 clergymen and 3 cannibals are on a shore. This is a shortest solution to the problem, but is not the only shortest solution. The node of the graph to be searched is represented by a state space. How to Play: Use your computer mouse to click or finger tap if you are using a mobile device to interact with the game. What's new in Missionaries and Cannibals 1.5.1: Missionaries and Cannibals is a puzzle game where you need to transport missionaries and cannibals from one side of the river to the other by using a small boat. For example, the first intuitive solution for (M=3, C=3, B=2) is listed below. Missionaries and Cannibals : Move all the missionaries and cannibals across the river. Edit this Template. Missionaries and Cannibals State Diagram. This is just one example of how powerful SAS can be for problem-solving and data visualization. Each of these different search methods has different properties such as whether a result is guaranteed, and how much time and space is needed to carry out the search. Missionaries and Cannibals River Crossing problem with Tutorial Solution - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The starting point is the initial state, while the end point is the target state. Your goal in this game is to find out the answer of the riddle by transferring the clergymen and the cannibals to the opposite bank of the river. In this case we may neglect the individual identities of the missionaries and cannibals. Three missionaries and three cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold one or two people. For each of these remaining nodes, children nodes are generated by adding each of the possible action vectors. Its a directed acyclic graph that can represent all possible solutions on one page. The chieftain of the tribe requires the missionaries to solve an ancient riddle or they will be cooked. They have . killed. In the missionaries and cannibals problem, three missionaries and three cannibals must cross a river using a boat which can carry at most two people, under the constraint that, for both banks, if there are missionaries present on the bank, they cannot be outnumbered by cannibals (if they were, the cannibals would eat the missionaries.) [1], In 2020, controversy surrounding the racist themes in a cartoon about the problem led the AQA exam board to withdraw a text book containing the problem. Initial State: 3 missionaries, 3 cannibals 3 missionaries, 3 cannibals and the boat are on the near bank Operators: Move boat containing some Move boat containing some set of occupants across the river (in either direction) to the other side. The first case with a variable number of trips is MCP(M=2, C=2, B=4), it has 6 solutions with 1 or 3 trips; the second case with a variable number of trips is MCP(M=3, C=3, B=4), it has 25 solutions with 3 or 5 trips, you can see more details below: We have described how to solve the classic Missionaries and Cannibals problem with SAS, visualized solutions with SAS NETDRAW procedure and generated steps description automatically for any MCP problem. The statistics of all possible MCP solutions when M<=16 proved that MCP(M=3, C=3, B=2) is the only case that conforms to Theorem 4. Classic algorithm game Addeddate 2021-01-10 04:42:34 Emulator ruffle-swf Emulator_ext swf Identifier cannibals-missioneries Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.4 Year 2001 Whenever we find a solution, we need to dump out the full path. 3 Missionaries and 3 Cannibals are on one side of a river, along with a boat that can hold one or two passengers. When M = 1, there is one and only one solution, that is, N(M=1, C=0, B=2)=1. A simple graph-theory approach to analyzing and solving these generalizations was given by Fraley, Cooke, and Detrick in 1966.[7]. Three missionaries and three cannibals come to the bank of a river. They would like to cross to the other side of the river. Unfortunately they give the solution, but not the method by which one can get to the solution. You will first be instructed to place your ship on the grind in any way you like, simply drag the ships on the the grid. The state would reflect that there are still three missionaries and two cannibals on the wrong side, and that the boat is now on the opposite bank. Production rules for Missionaries and Cannibals problem, Once we have found a feasible move, we must check that is legal i.e. Three of these are fictionala trivial point, though it suggests that the fictional variety is historically at least as significant as the real ones. When M = 2, there are 3 different solutions, that is, N(M=2, C=1, B=2)=3. If the cannibals ever outnumber the missionaries on either bank of the river, the missionaries will be eaten. The minimal number of crossings to ferry n >= 3 missionaries and n cannibals across a river with an island, using a two-person boat and bank-to- bank crossings, is 4n - 1. The chieftain of the tribe requires the missionaries to solve an ancient riddle or they will be cooked. The Missionaries and Cannibals puzzle, much used in AI, contains more than enough detail to illustrate many of the issues. See the next iteration. When M = 1, there is one and only one solution, that is, N(M=1, C=1, B=2) =1. When it is your turn, click onto the space you want your missile to land, you have 5 missiles in every turn. When there are more cannibals than missionaries on one side, the cannibals will eat the missionaries! The boat cannot cross the river by itself with no people on board. they wish to cross over to the right bank using a boat that can only carry two at a time. They are all standing on one side of the river and are trying to cross to the other side. If the jealous couples are replaced by missionaries and cannibals, the number of trips required does not change if crossings from bank to bank are not allowed; if they are however the number of trips decreases to 4n1, assuming that n is at least 3. Your goal in this game is to find out the answer of the riddle by transferring the clergymen and the cannibals to the opposite bank of the . If crossings from bank to bank are not allowed, then 8n6 one-way trips are required to ferry n couples across the river;[1],p.76 if they are allowed, then 4n+1 trips are required if n exceeds 4, although a minimal solution requires only 16 trips if n equals 4. On the river floats a boat with a maximum capacity of two people. States can be mapped to nodes of a graph and operators are the edges of the graph. Note that when the number of missionaries is smaller than that of the cannibals on a side, the clergymen will be eaten and the game will end. The only safe combinations are when there are equal numbers of missionaries and cannibals or all the missionaries are on one side. Then click the raft so that the passengers can travel to the opposite bank. Tell us your comments about Missionaries and Cannibals. "[1][2] The novel focuses on the action created when a Dutch/Arab terrorists hijack an Air France plane full of Americans on a flight towards Iran. (p=0 OR (p>0 AND p>=q)): cannibals cant outnumber the missionaries on the boat if there is any missionary. 73(JSTOR3619658), the following theorem was stated as the 4th theorem without proof for this river crossing problem: THEOREM 4. For the state of the other bank, its uniquely determined by the left bank after crossing. [1], In the jealous husbands problem, the missionaries and cannibals become three married couples, with the constraint that no woman can be in the presence of another man unless her husband is also present. The system state can be uniquely defined by the state of missionaries, cannibals and the boat on the left bank. The missionaries have been caught by a man-eating tribe when they are preaching in the distant lands. The chieftain of the tribe requires the missionaries to solve an ancient riddle or they will be cooked. Missionaries and Cannibals problem is very famous in Artificial Intelligence because it was the subject of the first paper that approached problem formulation from an analytical viewpoint. There is only 1 way across the river and that is by boat. We also need a queue to pool the newfound system state which has not been visited yet. To avoid reentrant visits, we need to use a dictionary to record the nodes that have been visited. The problem can be stated as follow. The chieftain of the tribe requires the missionaries to solve an ancient riddle or they will be cooked. The DistinctTripsLength column indicates whether the number of trips is variable; the distinct trips length is either 1 or 2. Both banks need to always abide by the game's rules for all [m, c, b], m>=0, c>=0, m>=c if m>0. This old topic is locked since it was answered many times. If at any time there are more cannibals than missionaries on . Find a way to get everyone to the right bank, without ever leaving a group of missionaries in one place outnumbered by cannibals in that place. There is only 1 boat and only 2 people at a time may cross the river in the boat. Generating the next state Above figure only shows valid states.Generating the next stateSources: S. Russel and P. Norvig, Artif icial Intelligence A Modern App roach, Second Edition https://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~billw/cs9414/notes/mandc/mandc.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionaries_and_cannibals_problem https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/16234/AI-Search-to-Solve-the-Missionaries-and-Cannibals. Also for some reason I keep getting Stack overflow errors when I try to use dynamic datastructure, like Vectors. The earliest version of the MCP problem was described by Pocock in 1891. [4],p.291. After some time, they arrived at a wide river, filled with deadly snakes and fish. fortuna slot 777; uconnect dodge dart; pathfinder wrath of the righteous woljif demon or human; polycom trio 8800 forgot admin password Copyright 2001 - 2022 Novel Games Limited. We should make a graph search which traverse the graph from initial state and find out the final state in fewest moves. Since the boat can carry no more than two people at once, the only feasible combinations are: Once we have found a possible move, we have to confirm that it is feasible. Your goal in this game is to find out the answer of the riddle by transferring the clergymen and the cannibals to the opposite bank of the river. [1][3], Diane Cole in The Georgia Review had mixed opinions about the novel. Missionaries and Cannibals problem is very famous in Artificial Intelligence because it was the subject of the first paper that approached problem formulation from an analytical viewpoint. This project uses Breadth first and Depth first search. [4],pp. To build a system to solve this problem, we can define how to represent the state of the system and how the states will change from the actions applied. NOT (p=0 AND q=0): the boat cannot cross the river by itself with no people. The valid children nodes generated would be 3,2,0, 3,1,0, and 2,2,0. When M>=6, there is no solution, that is, N(M>=6, C=M, B=3) = 0. The goal is for all of the missionaries and cannibals to cross the river without any missionaries being eaten. You can edit this template and create your own diagram. It had no major release in the last 12 months. The trick is that the boat needs at least one person to move and it's to small to carry more than two passengers. This is because fewer cannibals weaken the constraints, so there will be more solutions. When M = 2, there are 5 different solutions, that is, N(M=2, C=2, B=3) = 5. [8], "On representations of problems of reasoning about actions", "Exam board AQA approved GCSE book with image of cannibals cooking white missionary", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Missionaries_and_cannibals_problem&oldid=1061540557, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2021, at 08:39. The earliest solution known to the jealous husbands problem, using 11 one-way trips, is as follows. As mentioned previously, this solution to the jealous husbands problem will become a solution to the missionaries and cannibals problem upon replacing men by missionaries and women by cannibals. She described the novel as a "thriller in which the thrills arise not from the threat of violence or the promise of tawdry sex, but with the pleasure taken in the author's intellect and sense of language. Rotate the wires and bulbs to light up the Christmas tree. You might wonder whether SAS procedures can solve this kind of problem, and the answer is Yes. Now we have to find a way to get everyone to the other side, without ever leaving a group of missionaries in one place outnumbered by the cannibals in other side. They have a boat that can hold 2 people. Generally, if the boat's capacity is 2 (B=2) and the number of missionaries and cannibals is equal (C=M), we draw the following conclusions: When the number of cannibals is less than that of missionaries, such as 1 less, that is (C=M-1), all values of M have solutions. Missionaries and Cannibals [classic] Use Creately's easy online diagram editor to edit this diagram, collaborate with others and export results to multiple image formats. Trademarks mentioned are the properties of their respective owners. Here I represent the problem as a set of states and operators. The action of the novel begins when a plane carrying Americans bound for Iran is hijacked by terrorists. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. You will be given a raft floating on the river, while 3 clergymen and 3 cannibals are on a shore. When M = 3, there are 6 different solutions, that is, N(M=3, C=3, B=3) = 6. The missionaries and cannibals problem, and the closely related jealous husbands problem, are classic river-crossing logic puzzles. not in the presence of any men on the shore), then this puzzle can be solved in 9 one-way trips: An obvious generalization is to vary the number of jealous couples (or missionaries and cannibals), the capacity of the boat, or both. When M = 4, there are 32 different solutions, that is, N(M=4, C=4, B=3) = 32. Cannibals and Missionaries is a 1979 thriller novel by Mary McCarthy which examines the "psychology of terrorism. Edit this Template. Each solution needs 9 trips. The earliest version of the MCP problem was described by Pocock in 1891. The missionaries and cannibals problem, and the closely related jealous husbands problem, are classic river-crossing logic puzzles. This is the goal state, and the path from the root of the tree to this node represents a sequence of actions that solves the problem. It is one of the 4 possible solutions revealed by the upper directed acyclic graph. Boat Puzzle: Missionaries and Cannibals DongJoon 2018-08-14 Puzzle Both missionaries and cannibals must cross the river safely. Still trying to write my code using A* search.Truly speaking, I havent been able to spend much time on A* search this week. [1],p.81. The algorithm continues alternating subtraction and addition for each level of the tree until a node is generated with the vector 0,0,0 as its value.
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