Rarely, say the authors, the use of light traps may put people and animals at risk by drawing large numbers of insect vectors that are strongly attracted to light near human habitations. Mathenge EM, Omweri GO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Walczak E, Smith TA, Killeen GF, Knols BG. 1995;9:249255. The data generated from light trap collections were analysed and compared with daytime resting, man-biting and night resting collections carried out in parallel. A follow-up was made to ensure that any parasitaemia was fully cleared. However, most of the available mosquito sampling methods may not allow for such rational choices to be made, as there are major limitations associated with their use [3]. Types of fish sam-pled with light traps have included fish from the families Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Atherini-dae, Percichthyidae, Centrarchidae, and Perci-dae. Thanks for your comment Vernon. Light trap methods have recently been improved by the use of light-emitting diode (LED) [ 5 - 8 ]. We sampled moths once a month from May to October from 2013 to 2018. All the terms for model B are identical to model A except that it includes yt which is the exponent corresponding to trapping method t. A value of yt different from 1 indicates a lack of proportionality between the methods. 0000001752 00000 n funestus respectively. The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) through the KEMRI/National Ethical Review Committee granted ethical approval (KEMRI/7/3/1) for this study. 2016). The anophelinae of Africa, South of Sahara. On each experimental night, one of the three subjects slept in the Mbita trap (BNT), another slept in a bed net with a CDC light trap suspended beside it (CDC) and the third conducted a human landing catch (HLC) [3]. endstream endobj 316 0 obj <>/Size 304/Type/XRef>>stream It turns out some are diurnal while other nocturnal species fly by day in summer. arabiensis as this study found but with no correlation between the two methods. Just want to make sure youve clicked through to take a look: https://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jme/tjx207/4670717. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity and changes in macromoth communities at 11 sites in Mt. However, they have a serious limitationthe need to process the sample postharvest. 1968, Nasci and Edman 1981), and American Biophysics@ (AB) light traps. Coloured illustrations of the moths of Korea. The goal of this project was to investigate the changes in moth assemblages along the altitudinal gradient in this mountain ecosystem. 0000001517 00000 n National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07046637), Geographic coverage: Survey areas for collecting moths comprised evergreen deciduous and subalpine tree zones (Table (Table11. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. @article{Gunasekaran1994ReliabilityOL, title={Reliability of light trap sampling for Anopheles fluviatilis, a vector of malaria. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. k ^ i k ^ i k ^ i 0.7 k. Map of the survey sites in Mt. A wide variety of light traps with different light designs are being used. %%EOF Regression lines (unbroken) depict the fitted simple proportionality model (Model A) and the non-proportional (broken lines), density-dependent sampling efficiency model (Model B). Results: A wide variety of light traps with different light designs are being used. The two . obovata F. Schmidt, Vaccinium 2006 Jun;20(2):157-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00623.x. Med Vet Entomol. Hallasan is comprised of four zones: alpine zone (> 1,800 m a.s.l. Forest moth taxa as indicators of lepidopteran richness and habitat disturbance: a preliminary assessment. Furthermore, the procedures used for conducting human landing catch also vary appreciably: some studies have used one human per house to perform landing catches [20] while others [2,18] have used two catchers in the same house. This study reports a field evaluation of the Mbita trap in a rice irrigation scheme in Kenya Methods: The mosquito sampling efficiency of the Mbita trap was compared to that of the CDC light trap and the human landing catch in western Kenya. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Butterfly Color Patterns Reveal Clues About Genes That Build Insect Wings, Some Green Oils Can Stop a Bed BugBut Many Cant, https://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jme/tjx207/4670717, https://www.academia.edu/9665262/Images_of_some_of_the_insect_traps_designed_fabricated_and_operated_by. The trap design makes it difficult for captured gravid Aedes females to escape, so MOT can quantitatively measure both adult females and their egg production. Lepidoptera are one of the mega-diversity insect groups, comprised of more than 160,000 species that play important roles as herbivores and pollinators in terrestrial ecosystems. Number of moth species in each family collected from 11 sites in Mt. There was consistency in the sampling proportionality between the CDC light trap and the human landing catch for both An. Even sexes of the same species may respond differently to light. tow. The Mbita trap is less sensitive than either the human landing catch or the CDC light trap. Resting behaviour, ecology and genetics of malaria vectors in large-scale agricultural areas of Western Kenya. However, for a given investment of time and money, it is likely to catch more mosquitoes over a longer (and hence more representative) period. When using electric bulb, make sure that the bulb and wiring are not in contact with water to . However, most of the methods used have several shortcomings and hence there is a need to develop and calibrate new methods. The following models were fitted to the data: Where: E(yi) is the expected number of mosquitoes caught using the method being tested; E(xi is the expected number of mosquitoes caught using the human landing method (assuming the same mosquito collector as bait); t is a multiplication factor corresponding to trapping method t in relation to the reference trapping method which was human landing catch; and c is a multiplication factor corresponding to human bait c compared to the reference catcher, assigned number 1, whose value is set to 1. ermani Chamisso) and shrubs (Diapenis Med Vet Entomol. For the case of the human landing collection, the human bait was more readily available for such indoor resting mosquitoes. Smith T. Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. startxref Evaluation of an ultraviolet LED trap for catching Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in south-eastern Tanzania. palmatum Thunb., Daphniphyllum Island biogeography theory. Species name used in data file (Data-Jejudo-data.csv), Genus, species, author and publication year, Elevation above sea level for each survey site, Dominant vegetation type for each survey site. Therefore, protecting all the people in a bednet, as was the case in the houses where the Mbita trap and the CDC light trap were used, might have prompted the indoor resting An. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Some of the key definitions used from this view . See this image and copyright information in PMC. 0000002302 00000 n -. In addition, five species Hydrillodes morosa, Ghoria gigantean, Lomographa temerata, Idaea biselata and Diarsia 0000001117 00000 n LED light traps have some advantages compared to traditional light trap models including the low electric consumption resulting in a longer battery life and in a longest lifetime of the lamp. Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea, pacifia occurred at all survey sites. Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero), Six years of data (2013-2018) of macromoths (Lepidoptera) in Mt. Yearly summary of numbers of species and individuals collected from 2013 to 2018 in Mt. Samples were preserved and processed as described above for light trap sampling. 0000002823 00000 n }, author={Kasinathan Gunasekaran and Purushothaman Jambulingam and Candasamy Sadanandane and Sudhansu Sekhar Sahu and Pradeep . angulifera was dominant with 1,618 individuals, occurring at all survey sites. You may switch to Article in classic view. Their popularity stems from ease of use even in remote locations, range and abundance of species caught, and low cost. Christian Abuya, Steve Abong'o and James Nderitu are thanked for accepting to participate in this study. Trap 4 is a light sheet. myrsinaefolia Bl. ermani Chamisso). Street lights or a full moonnot to mention global light pollutionmay significantly reduce a light traps haul, even though insects are swarming. Dirzo R., Young H. S., Galetti M., Ceballos G., Isaac N. J. -, Mathenge EM, Killeen GF, Oulo DO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Knols BGJ. You'll receive notifications of new posts by email. Also, 30 male mosquitoes were caught, 29 of them by the CDC light trap and one in the landing collections. arabiensis and An. Hallasan National Park, South Korea. cuspidata We monitored macromoth communities at 11 sites in Mt. A geometrid species, Alcis funestus and culicines species of mosquitoes in a rice-growing community in western Kenya with relatively high mosquito densities is reported. We randomly selected the light source for each light trap so half of the transects (n were found to be An. 1977;67:343382. Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections indoors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. However, most of the methods used have several shortcomings and hence there is a need to develop and calibrate new methods. An official website of the United States government. Mwanga EP, Ngowo HS, Mapua SA, Mmbando AS, Kaindoa EW, Kifungo K, Okumu FO. The light trap is now commonly used to monitor the pest population. Female Lutzomyia whitmani sand flies find light much more attractive than do males. gender, age range, income bracket, job role). About 550 species of vascular plants are distributed on Mt. eCollection 2020. The results obtained from this study indicate a three-fold decrease in efficiency for both the Mbita trap and the CDC light trap when used to sample An. In bulk cereals Advan- tages of my design are its low cost ($100 US in 1988), availability FOIA Successful restoration of moth abundance and species-richness in grassland created under agri-environment schemes. CAS PubMed Google Scholar . Summerville Keith S, Ritter Lisa M, Crist Thomas O. 2017, Dirzo et al. Procedure. Received 2004 Sep 22; Accepted 2005 Jan 25. 8600 Rockville Pike Series of the outbreak has been recorded in 1991, 1909, 2011, and 2015 which caused heavy yield losses. In this study, the performance of the Mbita trap compared to the CDC light trap hung adjacent to a human-occupied bednet and the human landing catches in the sampling of An. Comparison of four outdoor mosquito trapping methods as potential replacements for human landing catches in western Kenya. ), subalpine zone (1,5001,800 m), temperate deciduous tree zone (4001,500 m) and evergreen deciduous tree zone (600 m in the southern aspect and 400 m in the northern aspect) (Kong 2007). Davis JR, Hall T, Chee EM, Majala A, Minjas J, Shiff CJ. Development of an exposure-free bednet trap for sampling Afrotropical malaria vectors. Hii JLK, Smith T, Mai A, Ibam E, Alpers MP. Vouchers of collected specimens were deposited in the collection of the Laboratory of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, South Korea. The light trap is the most commonly used sampling device to study the daily activity of nocturnal insects. The three families, Geometridae, Erebidae, and Noctuidae, comprised most of the samples: 81.6% of the total species and 79.5% of the total individuals. 0000000016 00000 n Thick and thin blood smears were regularly taken from the participants to examine for the presence of malaria parasites and, when found positive, they were treated with pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar). A method is described for sampling aquatic insects using black light. 0000003237 00000 n Still, it is no secret why scientists like light traps. So suggests a paper published today in the Journal of Medical Entomology, catchily titled The Dark Side of Light Traps.. funestus, and culicine species caught in the human landing collections respectively. My near half century of researching and designing and operating high powered light traps using both high intensity and fluorescent lamps is geared to attracting, collecting, and obtaining specimens of the highest quality for taxonomical studies and discoveries of many hundreds of species new to science, and thus is geared to entirely different areas of light trap uses. population that comprised of roughly equal numbers of An gambiae sensu stricto and An. Regression lines (unbroken) depict the fitted simple proportionality model (Model. Alison Jamie, Duffield Simon J., Morecroft Michael D., Marrs Rob H., Hodgson Jenny A. The trap has metal plates resembling a plus sign, with the light bulb in the center. arabiensis and the culicine species whereas for An. Kristensen NP, Skalski AW. The very presence of a pathogen in some insects may even change their response to light. The efficiency of the CDC light trap for An. arabiensis [6]. In Ahero, three houses were selected upon receiving consent from the household heads. Data stemming from light trap collections, including species composition, population age structure, abundance, and infection rate, are sometimes used to inform epidemiological models for vector-borne diseases, and light traps can be useful in that respect, as we discuss below. A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes. ur]_"L|{@.,rTh78fR(D@1cF"bA2 Secure the poles firmly on the ground. The functionality is limited to basic scrolling. funestus, the Mbita trap portrayed some density-dependent sampling efficiency that suggested lowered sampling efficiency of human landing catch at low densities. Suppl. Hallasan National Park, South Korea, from 2013 to 2018. If the author really wanted to report meaningful facts he should obtain real data and experiences, not just unsubstantiated anecdotal and distorted fake news. One type of trap drew Culicoides from a range of two to four meters in one location yet up to 30 meters in another. The authors would like to thank the people of Ahero for allowing us to use their premises for the study. Hallmann Caspar A., Zeegers Theo, Klink Roel, Vermeulen Rikjan, Wielink Paul, Spijkers Henk, Deijk Jurrin, Steenis Wouter, Jongejans Eelke. Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major rice pest insect in Malaysia. Our sampling protocol was intended to 1) replicate expert-biased sampling used to survey ambystomatid larvae by focusing on aquatic habitats likely to be targeted by dip-net surveys, 2) provide for the safety of trapped animals and their habitats, and 3) ensure equivalent application of glow stick-baited and un-baited traps among pond habitats. var. and transmitted securely. The Mbita trap may therefore be very useful for enabling community members in collecting large numbers of samples that are representative of the overall vector population at a less cost [5] than a smaller number of light traps/human catchers. The 'ghosts' that pester studies on learning in mosquitoes: guidelines to chase them off. Both models assumed Poisson errors in the numbers of mosquitoes caught by any of the three methods. serrata Thunb., Q. Sweeping, hand-netting, and vacuuming are some of the active sampling methods 5 that are generally time consuming, biased, require skilled manpower and experience of survey 6. They also act as a food source for birds and bats and a vital linkage in the food chain between plants and higher trophic organisms. Hallasan National Park from 2013 to 2018. Google Scholar 2002 Mar;16(1):67-74. doi: 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00350.x. Hallasan National Park, South Korea. Numbers of female mosquitoes caught by the three sampling methods in 9 nights in western Kenya. depth). 2019, Kamikura and Sakata 2019, Kitching et al. The entomological parameter being studied and the behaviour of the mosquito species being sampled determine the choice of a sampling method [2]. Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections indoors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Data was analysed by Bayesian regression of linear and non-linear models. More specifically, the Mbita trap appears more sensitive than human landing catch at low mosquito densities.
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